Part 2: Research Proposal for Implementing Tobacco Cessation Treatment in Primary Care

Review of the Literature

Deaths related to tobacco use are largely preventable (Talbot et al., 2019). E-cigarettes have undone years of tobacco control success (Sapru et al., 2020). From 1996 to 2018, the number of adolescents who reported smoking cigarettes in the past month decreased from 28% to 5% (Sapru et al., 2020). From 2010 to 2018, the number of adolescents who had used an e-cigarette in the past 30 days increased from 1.5% to 26.7% (Sapru et al., 2020). Longitudinal studies report an association with e-cigarettes and an increased risk of cigarette smoking initiation among never cigarette-smoking adolescents and young adults (Barrington-Trimis et al., 2016; Leventhal et al., 2015; Miech et al., 2017; Murthy, 2017; Primack et al., 2015; Soneji et al., 2017; Spindle et al., 2017; Wills et al., 2017). There are few EBPs for e-cigarette cessation resources and no US Food and Drug Association (FDA) approved NRT for adolescent cessation (Gaiha & Halpern-Felsher, 2021; Liu et al., 2020). School based curricula have been ineffective in tobacco prevention and cessation for adolescents (Backinger et al., 2003). Clinical practice guidelines specify that primary care providers (PCPs) should deliver evidenced-based smoking cessation treatment by following an ‘AAC’ or ‘AAA’ approach: Ask about nicotine use at every visit, Assist by offering medication and counseling, and Arrange follow-up (AAA) or Connect patients with a telephone quitline (AAC) (Barua et al., 2018…